Covid-19 and voluntary action: research repository – projects
As part of VSSN’s goal to help maximise the visibility and impact of Voluntary Sector focussed research, we are collating research projects which focus on Voluntary and Community Sector and volunteering responses to, recovery from and implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. If you would like your project to be visible on this webpage, please fill in the form here. It would be great to hear about projects in development as well as those in progress, as this should help to reduce any risk of duplication and open up possibilities of collaboration.
If you would like to update a previous entry then please email web@vssn.org.uk for minor changes, or for major changes resubmit a new version using the form.
The submitted projects are listed below, or can be viewed in this spreadsheet.
The impact of COVID-19 on the justice voluntary sector: PI Dr Faye Skelton
Project lead
Dr Faye Skelton
Project lead email
Project lead institution
Edinburgh Napier University
Other project members
Dr Christine Haddow, Edinburgh Napier University, C.Haddow@napier.ac.uk
Funder
Criminal Justice Voluntary Sector Forum in partnership with Community Justice Scotland, and the Scottish Funding Council COVID-19 Response Scheme
Primary research question
To explore the impacts of the pandemic on third sector justice organisations, the added value of the sector during the pandemic, efficiencies and good practice that should continue, and key challenges facing the sector
Methods and type of data
Semi-structured interviews (14 individual and one group) with workers representing a range of justice voluntary sector organisations in Scotland. Individual interviews explored impacts of the pandemic on individuals and organisations. Group interview explored key barriers and facilitators at sector level as well what is needed for future sustainability of the justice voluntary sector.
Three key-words
COVID-19; justice; voluntary
Project status
Published / disseminating
Summary of key findings (if and when applicable): please do add in links to publications if applicable
Report available from https://www.ccpscotland.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Covid-19-impact-on-the-justice-voluntary-sector_CJVSF-1.pdf
Analysis in progress for academic publication.
Innovation during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Volunteers and Voluntary Sports Organisations in England. PI: Dr Fiona Reid.
Project lead
Dr Fiona Reid
Project lead email
Project lead institution
Bayfirth Research
Other project members
Linsay Findlay-King, lindsay.findlay-king@northumbria.ac.uk; Geoff Nichols, g.nichols@sheffield.ac.uk; Chris Mills, admin@bayfirth.co.uk
Project website
https://www.sportengland.org/know-your-audience/demographic-knowledge/workforce?section=research
Funder
Sport England
Primary research question
What innovations have community sports clubs made in response to the pandemic? Which will be adopted afterwards?
Methods and type of data
1. A review of research, including two previous reports by the authors:
Findlay-King, L. Reid, F. & Nichols, G. (2020) Community Sports Clubs response to Covid-19. Available at: https://sway.office.com/7vwbaHlJwaF3OTlE (Accessed 29 September 2021).
Nichols, G., Findlay-King, L, and Reid, F. (2021) Community Sports Clubs’ response to covid-19, July 2020 to February 2021: resilience and innovation. Available at:
https://sports-volunteer-research-network.org.uk/2021/04/26/community-sports-clubs-response-to-covid-19/ (Accessed 29 September 2021).
2. Thirteen telephone interviews with national sports organisations, including 10 national governing bodies (NGB) of sports to which community sports clubs (CSCs) would normally affiliate
3. A snap-shot survey completed by 74 community sports clubs.
4. In-depth interviews with 8 CSCs, selected to illustrate successful innovations in response to the restrictions of the pandemic.
Three key words
Innovation sport club
Project status
Published / disseminating
Summary of key findings
The most common innovation was forms of digital communication including: meetings, training events, booking systems and social events. Booking systems were required to comply with guidance on numbers at activities. Development of social events on-line was to meet the need for conviviality. The pandemic provided a catalyst for some innovations which had been advocated by national governing bodies of sport and allowed club committee members to promote new ways of working. Some club members were excluded from new digital communications because they did not have the technology or know how to use it. This illustrates that innovation is ‘subjective’ and on a scale. A minor change to a governing body of sport may be a big change for some club volunteers. However, some innovations had significant advantages and will be retained, whilst still having to make sure the needs of all members are met. In some cases, clubs had adapted the way they offered sport to attract new members, or retain old ones. Some clubs had developed broader support for other community groups.
The report is at: https://www.sportengland.org/know-your-audience/demographic-knowledge/workforce?section=research
The Scottish Third Sector Tracker
Project lead
Steve Grozier
Project lead email
Project lead institution
The Scottish Council for Voluntary Organisations (SCVO)
Other project members
Kate Kilpatrick, The Scottish Government (kate.kilpatrick@gov.scot)
Project website
https://www.scottishthirdsectortracker.co.uk/
Funder
SCVO, Scottish Government, National Lottery Community Fund, William Grant Foundation
Primary research question
To track the impact of covid-19 on the finances, services and workforce of third sector organisations in Scotland.
Methods and type of data
A longitudinal panel survey. A research consultant has been appointed to construct a representative panel of 800 third sector organisations. The survey will run quartley for 18 months with the first wave conducted by telephone interview and subsequent waves online.
Three key words
covid-19, longitudinal, Scotland
Project status
Data collection / literature reviewing
‘Proud to be a part of this’: PPE and voluntary action in a time of crisis. PI: Colin Rochester
Project lead
Colin Rochester
Project lead email
Other project members
Meta Zimmeck; mzimmeck@btinternet.com
Project website
Funder
Self-funded
Primary research question
What contribution did voluntary action make to the provision of PPE in England during the pandemic and what are the implications for future kinds of voluntary action?
Methods and type of data
(1) Scoping exercise to identify potential respondents via publicly-available web-based sources including social media posts; calls for crowdfunding; local, regional and national newspaper reports; local radio interviews; and websites which were stand-alone, hosted by local bodies (government, business and voluntary) or part of wider networks. Data collected = vast quantity of printed out documentation organised by region, type of organisation, name and contact details of organisation/individuals. (2) Online survey of potential respondents – individuals, community groups, voluntary organisations, businesses, schools/colleges/universities, faith groups; and civic leaders. Data collected = quantitative data about who took part, why did they join in, what did they do, who did they do it for, how did they do it, what did they learn from their experiences and are there any lessons to help us deal with future challenges
Three key words
Volunteering, community action, PPE
Project status
Data analysis
Europe and Russia during COVID 19. PI: Kristina Smolijaninovaite
Project lead
Kristina Smolijaninovaite
Project lead email
kristina.smolija@eu-russia-csf.org
Project lead institution
EU-Russia Civil Society Forum
Other project members
Nick Acheson (Scientific Editor) nick.acheson8@icloud.com
Brian Harvey (author) brianharvey40tvr@gmail.com
Anna Sevortian (author) anna.sevortian@eu-russia-csf.org
Project website
Primary research question
What has been the initial response by CSOs in 18 EU countries and Russia to the onset of the Covid 19 pandemic?
Methods and type of data
Documentary analysis and 30 key informant interviews conducted online and by telephone July to September 2020.
Data collected on both what was done and by whom and civil society views of the implications of the impact of Covid 19 on the future of civil society
Three key words
EU/Russia, civil society, covid 19
Project status
Published / disseminating
Summary of key findings
Impressionistic first cut comparative report on what was done by whom, immediate impact of pandemic and views of key civil society actors on longer term implications. Key themes identified include the extent of emergency mobilisation by civil society, types and extent of government support available, the response to secondary effects such as closed borders and domestic violence, and the nature and extent of variation across the EU and Russia. The chief value of the research is the identification of cross-cutting themes and issues in what is likely to be the first attempt to explore the role of civil society in the initial stages of the pandemic on a comparative basis.
The report can be found at:
https://eu-russia-csf.org/project/report-2020/
Developing social contact models in a time of social distancing: A Response to COVID-19. PI: Kirsty Bagnall
Project lead
Kirsty Bagnall
Project lead email
Project lead institution
GMCVO
Other project members
John Hannen, GMCVO, john.hannen@gmcvo.org.uk
Susanne Martikke, GMCVO, susanne.martikke@gmcvo.org.uk
Project website
https://www.ambitionforageing.org.uk/socialcontact
Funder
National Lottery Community Fund
Primary research question
How can we develop and maintain social contact models in a time of social distancing?
Methods and type of data
The research used evidence from the previous 5 years of the Ambition for Ageing Programme to identify types of intervention and how these could be adapted during the pandemic and as we recover. We also collected case studies to demonstrate how VCSE organisations had already started to adapt.
Three key words
impact, community, guidance
Project status
Published / disseminating
Summary of key findings
The research identified four overarching key design principles to support the development and sustainment of social inclusion activities in the context of whatever comes next:
– Based on hobbies or shared interest – Developing projects based around hobbies or shared interests can provide a familiar and safe space through which to re-enter society.
– Builds community connection – Being part of community life in the widest sense can be a great help. The key is to help people understand what’s going on locally so that they feel part of a community, even if they are at the edge of it.
– Realistic goal setting – Do recognise that we may not be able to address all needs at this time, but that we can ease the situation people are in. Be honest with people about what can or cannot be achieved and look for solutions that at least make visible improvements, even if problems cannot be solved entirely
– Getting the messaging right- The messaging we use should also be influenced by understanding how people perceive risk.
Full report, executive summary, practical guidance and case studies all at this link: https://www.ambitionforageing.org.uk/socialcontact
COVID-19 and Communities Listening Project: A Shared Response. PI: Pippa Coutts
Project lead
Pippa Coutts
Project lead email
Project lead institution
Carnegie UK Trust
Other project members
Georgina Bowyer, Rachel Heydecker, Hannah Ormston, Lauren Pennycook, Ben Thurman and Jennifer Wallace
Project website
Methods and type of data
This report considers how organisations and communities across the UK adapted and responded to the emergency phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Over this six month period the Carnegie UK Trust had over 80 conversations with people from 16 communities across the UK, focussing on how organisations and communities were adapting to meet the needs of the people around them, and the evolving relationships between the public sector, the voluntary, community and social enterprise sector, and communities.
The report reflects on what has been learnt during this time and outlines hopes and opportunities for ways of working, identifying how the public sector and communities can develop sustainable ways of working together to respond to the needs of local people. A report of a subset of these conversations, on the development of community hubs as a critical part of the response in four areas of the UK (North Ayrshire, Renfrewshire, Lancaster and Scarborough), can also be found here.
Project status
Published / disseminating
Summary of key findings
Making a Difference: Libraries, Lockdown and Looking Ahead. PI: Dr Jenny Peachey
Project lead
Dr Jenny Peachey
Project lead email
Project lead institution
Carnegie UK Trust
Project website
Methods and type of data
This report into UK public library services explores their role supporting individuals and communities during lockdown and the barriers they faced during this time. It also explores their role in supporting the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and what it would take to unleash the full potential of what public library services have to offer us all. The report identifies a number of key messages and action areas for local and national governments, sector support bodies and the sector itself. The report draws on public polling of 2,196 UK adults carried out by Savanta ComRes on behalf of the Carnegie UK Trust, 1,196 responses to a public library staff survey and depth interviews with 22 Heads of Library Services.
Project status
Published / disseminating
Summary of key findings
Civic and Community Action in the time of Covid: Precarity And Persistence. PI: Dr M Aiken
Project lead
Dr M Aiken
Project lead email
ausgesucht@myphone.coop
Project lead institution
Dr M Aiken: independent researchers & associate IVAR (London)
Other project members
Research and writing undertaken In association with IVAR. The content of the report and analysis remains the responsibility of the author.
Funder
Part supported by IVAR (London)
Primary research question
Local community, co-operative, and mutual initiatives operating in times of precarity.
Methods and type of data
Qualitative data collected via targeted interviews with key actors engaged in local community, co-operative and mutual initiatives. Exploration of key dimensions of actions and strategies around adaption, inter-agency work, persistence, activism and solidarity in a time of precarity.
Three key words
Action Adaption Precarity
Project status
Published / disseminating
Summary of key findings
* Aiken, M. (2020) Civic and community action in times of crisis, London: IVAR. https://www.ivar.org.uk/civic-and-community-action-in-times-of-crisis/
* Aiken, M. (2020) Supporting the Community During the Lockdown, Brighton: Source. https://brightonsource.co.uk/features/supporting-the-community-during-the-lockdown/
* Aiken, M. (2020) Acting locally in the Covid-19 era, London: IVAR. https://www.ivar.org.uk/acting-locally-in-the-covid-19-era/
* Aiken, M. (2020) Covid in 50 Languages, London: IVAR. Covid-19 in 50 languages: How Sussex Interpreting Services adapted, London: IVAR, https://www.ivar.org.uk/covid-19-in-50-languages/
Community ownership of physical assets in changing times – PI: Carina Skropke
Project lead
Carina Skropke
Project lead email
carina.skropke@student.shu.ac.uk
Project lead institution
Sheffield Hallam University
Funder
Power to Change
Primary research question
What is the importance of ownership for the actors involved in community ownership projects and how does Covid-19 change the context for these organisations? Which potential role can these organisations play in the ‘new-normal’ post-Covid?
Methods and type of data
The study will combine on the one hand a quantitative investigation of local geographical areas in terms of the socio-economic, and -political context and on the other hand the qualitative investigation of local manifestations of community ownership of assets and how they act and react in light of the global pandemic by using Grounded Theory.
Two rounds of semi-structured interviews will be performed of which the first round will be finished in March 2021 and the second round will be conducted in October 2021. This will on the one hand saturate the data and the emerging findings from the first round of analysis will inform the revisiting of the field for the second round of interviews and on the other hand will allow to capture changes in context and developments over the summer of 2021 in relation to the pandemic.
Three key words
Community ownership, asset-based development, voluntary sector
Project status
Data collection / literature reviewing
Evaluation of the National Emergencies Trust Coronavirus Appeal – PI: Dr Sally Andrews
Project lead
Dr Sally Andrews
Project lead email
Project lead institution
Staffordshire University
Other project members
Dr Lesley Alborough
Supreet Uppal
Rich Pickford
Dr Rowena Hill
Dr Duncan Guest
Funder
ESRC
Primary research question
How fairly and efficiently was funding distributed to those in most need throughout the first 12 months of the pandemic?
Methods and type of data
Policy and process documents, board minutes and allocations data, interviews and surveys with staff, stakeholders, and volunteers from various organisations involved in the appeal from across the UK, interviews and surveys with beneficiaries and surveys with the general public.
Three key words
emergency, charity, impact
Project status
Complete
Summary of key findings
- Evaluation Summary: https://www.ntu.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0036/1819944/NTU-National-Emergencies-Trust-Evaluation-Summary-Report.pdf
- Phase 1 Summary Report: https://www.ntu.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/1653316/National-Emergencies-Trust-Evaluation-Phase-1-Summary.pdf
- Phase 2 Full Report: https://www.ntu.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0036/1819935/NTU-National-Emergencies-Trust-Evaluation-Phase-2-Report.pdf
- Evaluation Handrail and Knowledge Exchange Report: https://www.ntu.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0032/1819940/NTU-National-Emergencies-Trust-Evaluation-Handrail-and-Knowledge-Exchange-Report.pdf
COVID Generosity Project – PI: Liz McDonnell
Project lead
Liz McDonnell
Project lead email
Project lead institution
Liz McDonnell
Other project members
Alison Phipps (A.E.Phipps@sussex.ac.uk).
Project website
https://thecovidgenerosityproject.co.uk/
Funder
BA / Leverhulme
Primary research question
How has COVID 19 shaped people’s experiences of giving to, and receiving from, others?
Methods and type of data
Participants can contribute by way of online interview or can write a story for the website. We are also conducting a content analysis of news media around the topic of generosity/giving.
Three key words
generosity, COVID 19, inequality
Project status
Data collection / literature reviewing
UK Civil Society initial response to the Covid-91 crisis – PI: Margaret Harris
Project lead
Margaret Harris
Project lead email
Project lead institution
Independent research
Other project members
Professors Agnes Kover and Jon Van Til – convenors of a symposium and special issue of the Nonprofit and Policy Forum Journal on the impact of Covid-19 on civil society in a range of countries.
Primary research question
The response of civil society to the initial phases of the Covid-19 crisis
Methods and type of data
My paper used publicly available documents and information in a range of media as well as some interviews.
Three key words
response to Covid-19; civil society and Covid-19
Project status
Published / disseminating
Summary of key findings
Article currently available from the author and at: https://doi.org/10.1515/npf-2020-0044
Margaret Harris (2021) ‘Familiar Patterns and New Initiatives: UK Civil Society and Government Initial Responses to the Covid-19 Crisis, Nonprofit Policy Forum
Respond, recover, reset: the voluntary sector and Covid-19 – PI: Daniel King
Project Lead
Daniel King
Project lead email
Project lead institution
Nottingham Trent University
Other project members
Kim Donahue (NCVO)
Oliver Chan (NCVO)
Tracey Coule (Sheffield Hallam University)
Helen Shipton (NTU)
Will Rossiter (NTU)
Joanna Stuart (NTU)
Public Perspectives
Primary research question
The impacts of Covid-19 on different types of voluntary organisations and how they are responding
Methods and type of data
*A COVID-19 voluntary sector impact barometer, providing real-time data about the impact that COVID-19 is having on organisations, based on a monthly survey
*A panel survey of 100 organisations who will be regularly surveyed to capture how organisations are responding to Covid-19 and the practices they are adopting
*In-depth interviews with different voluntary and community organisations to examine the impacts of COVID-19, around 300 interviews over the lifetime of the project
*Regular insights reports for the sector
Three key words
Response, impact, resilience
Project status
Data collection / literature reviewing
Summary of key findings
The latest findings from the voluntary sector impact barometer can be viewed via the dashboard. See also the most recent insights reports: http://cpwop.org.uk/what-we-do/projects-and-publications/covid-19-vcse-organisation-responses/
A Snapshot of Experiences of Community Buildings during the lockdown of 2020 – PI: John Wilson
Project Lead
John Wilson
Project lead email
john.wilson@community-matters.org.uk
Project lead institution
Community Matters Yorkshire
Other project members
Ann Hindley, Cross Keys Associates
Primary research question
The question was twofold: how did community buildings respond to the lockdown of 2020 and what has been the impact so far on their future viability?
Methods and type of data
Community Matters was in touch with members throughout the whole period and put out a call for those responsible for running community buildings to take part in an interview which took place by phone or video and the conversation recorded with their permission. An open conversation was held, covering:
• A description of their building, history and provision;
• Their actions during lockdown and access to grant funding;
• Their plans for re-opening;
• Their potential financial position;
• Their position in relation to the return of trustees and volunteers. Twenty organisations volunteered to take part and two others who had carried out some inspiring work were approached for their involvement.
Charity Commission records were used to find out the income and reserves levels of the organisations interviewed.
Where they existed, organisations’ web sites were visited to find out information about their level of activity during lockdown and how they communicated it to their public.
Three key words
Community space
Project status
Published / disseminating
Summary of key findings
The report highlights the significant amount of social capital generated by community spaces contributing the wellbeing of both communities and the people who live there, which was demonstrated in a range of creative and imaginative ways both during lockdown and immediately after. Re-opening, where it has happened, has been carried out with professonalism and caution, and respondents were confident of financial survival, conditional on further lockdowns…. Those facing the most difficulty included organisations generating their own income through room hire and sale of services. Those most confident of survival were those with low annual turnovers, and therefore, fewer commitments. The report was completed as the second lockdown was in place and as some organistions were nearing the end of their financial reserves.
Issues being faced included the shifting and often contradictory guidance coming from Government, the trend towards virtual and remote meetings impacting on bookings, the reluctance of older people to return both as users and volunteers, the difficulties of adapting some buildings to render them safe and isolating staff and volunteers.
Navigating uncertainty and remaining resilient: The experience of community businesses during Covid-19 – PI: Suzanne Perry
Project lead
Suzanne Perry
Project lead email
suzanne.perry@powertochange.org.uk
Project lead institution
Power to Change
Other project members
Young Foundation
Project website
Funder
Power to Change
Primary research question
How are community businesses experiencing the Covid-19 pandemic?
Methods and type of data
Online diary entry, quick polls and focus groups.
Three key words
Community business covid-19
Project status
Published / disseminating
Summary of key findings
Mobilising Voluntary Action in the four UK jurisdictions: Learning from today, prepared for tomorrow – PI: Irene Hardill
Project lead
Irene Hardill
Project lead email
irene.hardill@northumbria.ac.uk
Project lead institution
Northumbria University at Newcastle
Other project members
Jurgen Grotz (UEA)
Eddy Hogg (University of Kent)
Ewen Speed (University of Essex)
Alasdair Rutherford (University of Stirling)
Véronique Jochum (NCVO)
Matthew Linning (Volunteer Scotland)
Sally Rees (WCVA)
Denise Hayward (Volunteer Now)
Funder
UKRI/ESRC
Primary research question
In what ways do the voluntary action policy frameworks adopted by the four nations in response to COVID-19 differ? And how effective are they? Who has responded to the call to volunteer during the COVID-19 pandemic? Has the profile of volunteers changed (intersectionality)?
Methods and type of data
We will employ a mixed methods approach and focus on the policy and organisational response to co-ordinating and managing volunteers during the pandemic. The study design covers all UK administrations and key stakeholders.
Data collection will involve policy documents, stakeholder interviews, call for evidence and user data from digital volunteer matching tools.
Three key words
Volunteering, UK-wide, policy
Newham’s Voluntary, Community and Faith Sectors during and beyond the pandemic: an impact survey – PI: Anne Crisp
Project lead
Anne Crisp
Project lead email
Project lead institution
Compost London CIC
Other project members
Lucy Smith: lucy@londonplus.org. London Plus.
Website
https://compostlondon.org.uk/covid-19-supporting-newhams-voluntary-sector/
Primary research question
What is the impact of and on Newham’s voluntary, community and faith (VCF) organisations during and beyond the pandemic
Methods and type of data
Online survey
Three key words
impact; capacity; resilience
Project status
Published / disseminating
Summary of key findings
The report highlights resilience demonstrated by VCF organisations that had done an amazing job during the first lockdown. Most had swiftly and creatively reshaped their services, and continued to respond flexibly to changes in need and demand. Over 30,000 individuals had been supported during the first part of lockdown. 80% organisations had experienced an increase in demand for at least some services, especially advice and food provision. 75% had been able to meet the demand for at least some of their services.
The report also rang alarm bells: staff and volunteers were frequently described as committed but stretched, with concern about burnout. A growing range of issues were emerging with service users, including digital exclusion, mental health problems, isolation and poverty, with particular concerns around people with no recourse to public funds. Uncertainty about the near future was a concern for most organisations, with 93% expressing some level of concern about how they would manage during the next phase of lockdown. The pandemic had hit many organisations hard financially, especially those relying on self-generated income. 25% said they would not survive without significant financial help. More than half those applying for funds have received rejections.
The role of mutual aid associations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kensington & Chelsea – PI: Jurgen Grotz
Project lead
Jurgen Grotz
Project lead email
Project lead institution
Institute for Volunteering Research, University of East Anglia
Other project members
Michael Ashe michael.ashe@vckc.org.uk Volunteer Centre Kensington & Chelsea
Mike Locke mike.locke@outlook.com VCKC and IVR
Primary research question
How have mutual aid associations worked in Kensington & Chelsea and how have they related to the local context
Methods and type of data
Case-study based on participant observation approach: workshops and interviews with key figures in mutual aid associations; survey; discourse analysis of policy documentation.
Three key words
local community; policy context; participants
Project status
Data collection / literature reviewing
Volunteering During COVID-19: Understanding Volunteer Motivations and Experiences – PI: Dr Debra Gray
Project lead
Dr Debra Gray
Project lead email
debra.gray@winchester.ac.uk
Project lead institution
University of Winchester
Other project members
Hampshire County Council
Community First Wessex
Website (optional)
https://volunteeringresearchhub.co.uk/
Methods and type of data
The study involved an online survey of 1001 volunteers across the South East of England, which collected data about volunteer motivations, social/community identification, wellbeing outcomes and intentions to remain a volunteer. We additionally collected qualitative data from 20 volunteers using in-depth online interviews.
Three key words
motivations, wellbeing, identity
Project status
Analysis
Exploring local responses to COVID-19 – PI: Claire Bynner
Project lead
Claire Bynner
Project lead email
claire.bynner@glasgow.ac.uk
Project lead institution
University of Glasgow
Other project members
Maureen McBride, Maureen.McBride@glasgow.ac.uk, University of Glasgow
Sarah Weakley, Sarah.Weakley@glasgow.ac.uk, University of Glasgow
Sarah Ward. Sarah.Ward@glasgow.ac.uk, University of Glasgow
Website (optional)
https://childrensneighbourhoods.scot
Funder, if any
Scottish Government
Primary research question
How have different service providers responded to the COVID-19 pandemic?
Methods and type of data
Universal credit data and SIMD data were used to analyse levels of vulnerability to the pandemic at a local authority and neighbourhood level.
25 qualitative interviews were conducted with representatives from these service/sectors:
- Leaders in the public and third sector engaged in responding to the needs of vulnerable families during the COVID-19 crisis (e.g. local authority, health, education and community)
- Operational staff in a coordination role and frontline workers (public and third sector)- professionals providing direct support to vulnerable families and children in education, and community sectors (e.g. teachers, youth workers, family support)
Interview samples were weighted towards front-line professionals working at a neighbourhood level.
Three key words
public services, vulnerability, neighbourhoods
Project status
Writing up
Summary of key findings (when applicable)
- The positivity, energy and ‘can do’ attitude of third sector organisations during the lockdown was clear. Third sector organisations adapted very quickly and provided different types of service to ensure that families were still receiving support.
- During the lockdown third sector organisations were the ‘primary engagers’ who provided support to children and families, often extending their service provision to other family members and other areas. At the frontline they provided essential services and were quick and agile in their response to the crisis.
- Action should be taken to explore ways to resource, support and harness the local action seen during the pandemic and build grassroots agency and capacity within communities.
- Stable grant funding which was able to be used flexibily was a fundamental enabler of the COVID-19 third sector response. Learning from the faster temporary grant funding measures and the flexibility adopted under the COVID-19 emergency response should be used to inform the development of a long-term approach to third sector funding
- A strategic partnership is required between the public and third sector – including a shared mechanism for strategic emergency planning and a shared digital infrastructure to enable and support collaborative working
Community Sports Clubs’ response to covid-19 – PI: Dr Lindsay Findlay-king
Project lead
Dr Lindsay Findlay-king
Project lead email
lindsay.findlay-king@northumbria.ac.uk
Project lead institution
Northumbria University
Other project members
Dr Fiona Reid, independent consultant, drfionareid@btinternet.com
Dr Geoff Nichols, Sheffield University, g.nichols@sheffield.ac.uk
Website (optional)
Primary research question
How volunteers in sports clubs have been affected by the restrictions imposed by covid-19; and plans for their club to respond.
Methods and type of data
Qualitative – Semi-structured interviews
Three key words
volunteering, sport, community
Project status
Published / disseminating
Summary of key findings (when applicable)
Third Sector Trends – PI: Tony Chapman
Project lead
Tony Chapman
Project lead email
tony.chapman@durham.ac.uk
Project lead institution
St Chads College, Durham University
Other project members
The project is owned by Community Foundation Tyne & Wear and Northumberland in collaboration with St Chad’s College, Durham University
Work with funding organisations collaboratively over the years as the project has progressed. Including JRF, LBFEW, ESRC, Charity Bank, Garfield Weston Foundation, Power to Change, amongst others.
Website (optional)
https://www.communityfoundation.org.uk/knowledge-and-leadership/third-sector-trends-research/
Funder, if any
Community Foundation Tyne & Wear and Northumberland, Garfield Weston, Power to Change, JRF
Primary research question
Long term study on the structure and dynamics of the third sector in the North of England (started 2008)
Methods and type of data
Major surveys undertaken in 2010, 12, 14, 16 and 19.
Study of 50 organisations since 2008 in qualitative study
Several additional qualitative studies on: borrowing (Charity Bank), supporting small charities (LBFEW), role of trusts and foundations (CFTWN), community business interactions (Power to Change), working well with public bodies (ESRC) amongst others
Three key words
trends
Project status
Published / disseminating
Summary of key findings (when applicable)
With IPPR comparing Covid-19 with recovery from 2008 financial crash using Third Sector Trends Study (TSTS) data
https://www.ippr.org/research/publications/third-sector-trends-survey-2020
Update of Third Sector Trends 2019 in July 2020 on Covid-19
https://www.communityfoundation.org.uk/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Third-
Sector-Trends-Covid-19-Impact-Survey-August-2020.pdf
A tale of three sectors (conclusion) on how Covid affects organisations of different sizes
https://www.communityfoundation.org.uk/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/THIRD-SECTOR-TRENDS-IN-NORTH-EAST-ENGLAND-2020-1-1.pdf
The impact of COVID-19 on Nepalese Civil Society: Challenges, Responses, and Opportunities – PI: Dr. Dipendra K C
Project lead
Dr. Dipendra K C
Project lead email
dipendra@sgs.tu.ac.th
Project lead institution
Thammasat University
Funder, if any
NGO Federation of Nepal
Primary research question
How did COVID-19 impact NGOs? How are NGOs responding to COVID-19? How do NGOs perceive the government’s response?
Methods and type of data
First-round (March – April) of the survey collected response from 209 NGOs on the impact of COVID-19 on the operation and the nature of the response from the NGOs.
The second-round (September – October) of the survey aims to collect the response from 400 NGOs on the impact on NGOs, their response to COVID-19, perception on the state of civic space, and the perception of the government’s response. In addition, six focused group discussions and approximately ten elite interviews are planned.
Three key words
Impact and Response, NGO, Nepal
Project status
Data collection / literature reviewing
Summary of key findings (when applicable)
First Report – https://bit.ly/cso-covid-report
The Value of Small Charities during the Covid 19 Pandemic – PI: Chris Dayson
Project lead
Chris Dayson
Project lead email
c.dayson@shu.ac.uk
Project lead institution
Sheffield Hallam University
Other project members
Leila Baker
James Rees (Wolverhampton)
Carol Jacklin-Jarvis (Open University)
Vita Terry, Katie Turner (IVAR)
Ellen Bennett (SHU)
Beth Patmore (Sheffield)
Funder, if any
Lloyds Bank Foundation for England and Wales
Primary research question
What has been the value of small charities in response to the COVID 19 pandemic?
Methods and type of data
Revisiting four case studies localities from the original ‘Value of Small’ study in 2018
Three key words
Small Charities; Social value; collaboration and partnership
Project status
Data collection / literature reviewing
Community Responses to COVID-19 – PI: Angus McCabe
Project lead
Angus McCabe
Project lead email
a.j.mccabe@bham.ac.uk
Project lead institution
Third Sector Research Centre, University of Birmingham
Other project members
Mandy Wilson LTD, Rob Macmillan (Sheffield Hallam University), Angela Ellis-Paine (TSRC), Asif Afridi (brap), Wendy Sugarman Associates, Sarah Boiling Associates, Richard Usher (Just Ideas). Lily O’Flynn and Lucy Oxborrow (Renaisi)
Funder, if any
Local Trust
Primary research question
How are communities responding to, and recovering from, COVID-19
Methods and type of data
Interviews and meeting observation in 26 communities in England. Qualitative data on how communities are responding to, and recovering from, COVID-19. This is also being recoded in a series of short films.
Three key words
community, responses, COVID-19
Project status
Analysis
Summary of key findings (when applicable)
Early findings blog
Rapid Research Papers
https://localtrust.org.uk/insights/research/briefing-1-rapid-research-covid-19/
https://localtrust.org.uk/insights/research/briefing-2-rapid-research-covid-19/
https://localtrust.org.uk/insights/research/briefing-3-rapid-research-covid-19/
Events
The impact of Covid-19 on the foundation and dissolution of charitable organisations – PI: Diarmuid McDonnell
Project lead
Diarmuid McDonnell
Project lead email
diarmuid.mcdonnell@manchester.ac.uk
Project lead institution
University of Manchester
Other project members
Alasdair Rutherford, alasdair.rutherford@stir.ac.uk, University of Stirling
Website (optional)
https://diarmuidm.github.io/charity-covid19/index
Primary research question
What is the impact of Covid-19 on the foundation and dissolution of charitable organisations?
Methods and type of data
Using comprehensive publicly available data from seven jurisdictions, we examine the impact of Covid-19 on the foundation and dissolution of charitable organisations. We employ an “excess events” analytical approach, comparing the numbers of foundations and dissolutions in 2020 to what we would expect based on the trends from previous years. We reflect on the differential impact of Covid-19 across jurisdictions, as well as attempt to decompose the empirical patterns into two distinct but related factors: the level of applications for foundation and dissolution by charities; and the capacity of the charity regulators to process these applications.
Three key words
charity, vulnerability, survival
Project status
Analysis
Examining the motivations and emotions linked to the formation of a Voluntary sewing group formed – PI: Beverley Gilbert
Project lead
Beverley Gilbert
Project lead email
b.gilbert@worc.ac.uk
Project lead institution
University of Worcester
Primary research question
Explores the motivations and emotions linked to the formation of a group of predominantly women who volunteered their time, skills and resources to their local community during the UK Covid-19 period of community lockdown.
Methods and type of data
Qualitative online questionnaire responses were analysed thematically within a feminist paradigm. 99 research participants completed a JISQ online survey examining their motivations for joining the group and the emotions and feelings linked to group membership and purpose.
Three key words
volunteer; emotion; covid-19
Project status
Analysis
Locally rooted: the place of community organising in time of crisis – PI: Marilyn Taylor / Mandy Wilson
Project lead
Marilyn Taylor; Mandy Wilson
Project lead email
marilyntaylor6@blueyonder.co.uk; mandy.wilson7@virginmedia.com
Project lead institution
Imagine
Other project members
Imagine were the learning partners for the Community Organisers Expansion Programme (2017-20)
Primary research question
How has community organising contributed to community responses to COVID-19;
Methods and type of data
Interviews and a survey
Project status
Published / disseminating
Summary of key findings (when applicable)
On-line Health & wellbeing support for BAME patients with Type 2 Diabetes – PI: Hamid Lea
Project lead
Hamid Lea
Project lead email
hamid@acpgroup.org.uk
Project lead institution
University of Birmingham
Other project members
Lisa Goodson: l.j.goodson@bham.ac.uk University of Birmingham
Ashiana Community Project: shafique@acpgroup.org.uk
Funder, if any
University of Birmingham
Primary research question
To identify how best to deliver a GP based Type 2 Diabetes Health and Wellbeing Programme on-line in response to the need to deliver more GP services on line due to the Corona Virus Pandemic.
Methods and type of data
*In depth semi-structured interviews with patients to evaluate the effectiveness of the on-line support programme on their health and wellbeing.
*In depth semi-structured interview with the patient’s GP to assess the effectiveness of the programme from a GP perspective
*Patient Focus Group to explore group perspectives and group dynamics
*Participant -observer study of the patients What’s App self-support group
Three key words
BAME Diabetes Support
Project status
Data collection / literature reviewing
Challenges faced by VSCE leaders during Covid- 19 – PI: Emily Dyson
Project lead
Emily Dyson
Project lead email
emily@ivar.org.uk
Project lead institution
Institute for Voluntary Action Research
Website (optional)
https://www.ivar.org.uk/covid-19/
Funder, if any
Tudor Trust, Paul Hamlyn Foundation, Esmée Fairbairn Foundation, John Lyon’s Charity, Pears Foundation
Primary research question
‘What are the experiences of VCSE leaders in the UK during the Covid-19 pandemic?’ and ‘How are they responding’;
Methods and type of data
Covid-19 peer support webinars held weekly for VCSE leaders. Each session brings together 10 leaders from organisations across the UK covering different fields and activities. The sessions run for 90 minutes with a trained facilitator and researcher. Data is primarily qualitative with visualisations representing the breadth and range of organisations/ leaders that have participated.
Three key words
Covid-19, small VCSE organisatons, responding
Project status
Analysis
Summary of key findings (when applicable)
Briefings are being published from the sessions fortnightly on the key challenges faced by leaders, responses and adaptations, and what support is needed for these leaders/ organisations. Please find the briefings here: https://www.ivar.org.uk/covid-19-briefings/
MoVE – mobilising volunteers effectively – PI: Dr Jon Burchell
Project lead
Dr Harriet Thiery
Project lead email
h.thiery@sheffield.ac.uk
Project lead institution
University of Sheffield
Other project members
Dr Jon Burchell, j.burchell@sheffield.ac.uk, University of Sheffield
Dr Joe Cook, joanne.cook@hull.ac.uk, University of Hull
Dr Fiona Walkley, fiona.walkley@hull.ac.uk, University of Hull
Dr Erica Ballantyne, e.e.ballantyne@sheffield.ac.uk, University of Sheffield
Dr Silviya Nikolova, s.k.nikolova@leeds.ac.uk, University of Leeds
Dr Daniel Howdon, d.howdon@leeds.ac.uk, University of Leeds
Funder, if any
UKRI
Primary research question
How is volunteering is being facilitated by local authorities and VCSE organisations in order to respond to the needs of communities during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Methods and type of data
Interviews with local authority and VCSE partners
Econometric analysis of big data from two national platforms co-ordinating COVID-19 volunteering
Detailed analysis of a sample of six case study local authorities
Three key words
volunteering, communities, social action
Project status
Data collection / literature reviewing
The impact of coronavirus on Voluntary Community Organisations associated with Interchange. – PI: Louise Hardwick
Project lead
Louise Hardwick
Project lead email
louiseha@liverpool.ac.uk
Project lead institution
The University of Liverpool
Other project members
Steering group and research team
Andrew Kirton – University of Liverpool – A.W.Kirton@liverpool.ac.uk
Mike Hogan – Interchange trustee – mikehoganliverpool@yahoo.com
Lindsey Metcalf – Liverpool John Moores University – L.J.Metcalf@ljmu.ac.uk
Claudette Graham – Interchange – cvgraham@liverpool.ac.uk
Student representative – tbc
Primary research question
The response of the community partner to coronavirus and the impact on the organisation and provision offered
Methods and type of data
Qualitative data will be gathered through 50 semi-structured interviews with representatives from associated community partners. These will be conducted via video. The sample frame will be determined by clustering beneficiary groups together. The envisaged clusters of 5 community partners providing services to: Asylum seekers/refugees/ resettlement; Children and young people ; Ex-offenders; Wellbeing/mental health; Women/domestic abuse; Homelessness; Older people; BAME; Disability; Community and welfare advice.
Additionally, quantitative data will also be gathered through an online survey using the JISC software that will be made available to any local community organisations interested in participating in the study.
Three key words
coronavirus; community welfare organisations; volunteering;
Project status
Planning / bidding
Forum Research – COVID-19 and the Future of Volunteering for Development – PI: James O’Brien
Project lead
James O’Brien
Project lead email
jobrien@forum-ids.org
Project lead institution
International Forum for Volunteering in Development (Forum)
Other project members
TBC
Website (optional)
https://forum-ids.org/news/forum-research-project-on-covid-19-and-the-future-of-volunteering-for-development/
Funder, if any
Forum/Norec
Primary research question
How can volunteer-involving organisations innovate new areas of growth in their programmes to deliver volunteering for development in the months and years ahead? How can the volunteering for development sector better position itself to respond to the particular challenges and opportunities that will result from COVID?
Methods and type of data
Interviews/survey of Forum members, other volunteer-involving organisations and partner organisations. Review of Forum resources on COVID-response.
Three key words
volunteering innovation post-COVID
Project status
Planning / bidding
Trust, human rights and civil society within mixed economies of welfare – PI: Paul Chaney
Project lead
Paul Chaney
Project lead email
ChaneyP@cardiff.ac.uk
Project lead institution
WISERD, Cardiff University
Other project members
Christala Sophocleous: Sophocleousc1@cardiff.ac.uk
Daniel Wincott: WincottD’cardiff.ac.uk
Funder, if any
ESRC
Primary research question
A comparative study of civil society, trust and human rights in mixed economies of welfare exploring the challenges facing CSOs as they deliver and shape welfare (adult community-based social-care) in the context of the corona virus pandemic; examining how relationships and action are mediated by understandings of trust and human-rights.
Methods and type of data
Key actor qualitative interviews across the 4 UK polities at local and national level. The original research instrument has been adapted in part, to include some questions on CSOs’ views and experience of the global corona virus pandemic and associated government policy.
Documentary analysis of UK and territorial government policy framing of the voluntary sector and the Corona Virus crisis in the context of community-based social care
Three key words
Welfare pluralism, voluntary sector, trust
Project status
Data collection / literature reviewing
Developing support for those bereaved during the Covid-19 pandemic – PI: Debbie Kerslake
Project lead
Debbie Kerslake
Project lead email
Debbie.kerslake3@gmail.com
Project lead institution
BRIC Birmingham Research in the Community (formerly USE-IT! Birmingham University)
Other project members
Aleksandra Kazlowska and Lisa Goodson – Birmingham University
Funder, if any
BVSC – USE-IT! Birmingham University Legacy
Primary research question
How can communities support those who have experienced a bereavement during the Covid-19 pandemic, recognising and remembering those who have died and supporting people in their grief and bereavement?
Methods and type of data
Qualitative and quantitative – 15 in-depth interviews and 30 questionnaires
Three key words
Bereavement Community Support
Project status
Data collection / literature reviewing
Engaging Individuals and Communities in the development of a ‘Patchwork Meadow’ across Birmingham – PI: Alison Thompson
Project lead
Alison Thompson
Project lead email
alison13.at@googlemail.com
Project lead institution
Birmingham Research in the Community (BRIC)- formerly USE-IT! Community research team under the auspices of Birmingham University.
Other project members
Aleksandra Kazlowska, A.Kazlowska@bham.ac.uk, University of Birmingham
Lisa Goodsen, L.J.GOODSON@bham.ac.uk, University of Birmingham
Funder, if any
BVSC (USE-IT)
Primary research question
– What is the impact of the ‘Patchwork Meadow’ in relation to community connecting, increasing the number of pollinators and improving people’s health and well-being. What would motivate individuals and organisations to participate in the ‘Patchwork Meadow’?
Methods and type of data
Qualitative- 10 in-depth interviews with individuals and organisations that have participated in the ‘Patchwork Meadow’ and Covid-19 mutual support groups.
Quantitative- 10 questionnaires from individuals who chose not to participate in the project.
Data will be collected on:-
– The most effective approaches to engage individuals and organisations in planting pocket meadows in both private and public spaces;
– The effectiveness of the materials that have been used in the pilot.
– The most appropriate tools to measure the impact of the ‘Patchwork Meadow’ on an ongoing basis;
– The support that may be required by individuals and organisations to maintain their meadow on an ongoing basis;
– The ideas of individuals in relation to the development of pocket meadows within their neighbourhood;
– How the community structures put into place to support local residents through Covid-19 could be used to engage local people in the ‘Patchwork Meadow’.
Three key words
Meadows, communities, environment
Project status
Data collection / literature reviewing
Summary of key findings (when applicable)
Solidarity in a time of crisis: the role of mutual aid in the COVID-19 pandemic – PI: Michael Roy
Project lead
Michael Roy
Project lead email
michael.roy@gcu.ac.uk
Project lead institution
Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU)
Other project members
Simon Teasdale, GCU (Simon.Teasdale@gcu.ac.uk)
Jack Rendall, GCU (Jack.Rendall@gcu.ac.uk)
Maeve Curtin, GCU (Maeve.Curtin@gcu.ac.uk)
Funder, if any
Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office
Primary research question
How, and in what ways, do mutual aid groups complement, enhance, or undermine formal public health provision in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic?
Methods and type of data
Using a web-platform to conduct online ethnography across three regions in Scotland (urban, peri-urban, and rural; n=30), this study captures real-time insights from individuals participating in community and neighbourhood-based mutual aid efforts. These online activities include ongoing journal entries and discussion boards that specifically capture daily involvements with mutual aid efforts (e.g. online signposting, packing food bags, etc) and perspectives on the future of mutual aid groups, their interaction with other community bodies, and community resilience moving forward. Online, semi-structured, qualitative interviews will be used to augment insights garnered from online activities. The multiple sources of qualitative evidence and various kinds of data (from interviews, observations, online materials, documents) will be synthesised, coded, and triangulated to develop coherent and plausible conclusions. Online focus groups with formal health providers and civil society leaders will be conducted in the final stages of the study to discuss these preliminary conclusions, gain their perspectives, and enhance validity.
Three key words
Mutual Aid, Online Ethnography, Public Health
Project status
Data collection / literature reviewing
Summary of key findings (when applicable)
Stage 1 – Observation Period (2-3 Months) Data collection began on 15th June 2020.
Stage 2 – Analysis Period (3 Months)
Stage 3 – Write-up Period (1 Month)
Foodbank and homeless donations during Covid and the recession-19 – PI: Peter Taylor-Gooby
Project lead
Peter Taylor-Gooby
Project lead email
p.f.taylor-gooby@kent.ac.uk
Project lead institution
University of Kent
Other project members
Dr Tomas Petricek, University of Kent
Methods and type of data
Time-series data-scraping on the main crowd-funding websites to harvest data on the trajectory of appeals and donations and the amounts raised.
Covers Food-banks and Homeless Persons charities.
Dates 1.1.2020- 31-12-2020
Three key words
Foodbank, Homeless, Data-scraping
Project status
Data collection / literature reviewing
Summary of key findings (when applicable)
- Donations skyrocketed during the early lock down but have declined in pace with the number of cases. We are concerned that there will be high demand during the recession, but a lower level of generosity.
- Preliminary analysis of the regional pattern indicates that donations were much higher in richer areas.
Youth unemployment and civil society under devolution: a comparative analysis of sub-state welfare regimes – PI: Dr Sioned Pearce
Project lead
Dr Sioned Pearce
Project lead email
pearces11@cardiff.ac.uk
Project lead institution
Cardiff University
Website (optional)
https://wiserd.ac.uk/research/research-projects/youth-unemployment-and-civil-society-under-devolution-comparative
Funder, if any
Economic and Social Research Council
Primary research question
How do civil society organisations (size, geography, activity, culture, approach) working in youth unemployment (which will be severely impacted due to Covid-19 and lockdown) compare between the four devolved territories of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland?
Methods and type of data
The study takes a mixed methods approach in two phases. This approach is modelled closely on the work of Baglioni and Giugni (2014) to ensure the findings contribute to the wider field of CSO involvement in youth unemployment across Europe. (1) It will use secondary data at national and sub-national levels to classify different types and scales of CSO involvement in youth unemployment across the UK. (2) Gaps in the audit will be filled using data from local authorities and CSOs themselves. The final dataset will be the first of its kind detailing civil society activity in youth unemployment across the UK. (3) Initial findings will then be developed using in-depth interviews with CSOs and (devolved) policy actors
Three key words
Youth unemployment, devolution, civil society
Project status
Data collection / literature reviewing
The role of Local Infrastructure Organisations in the COVID 19 response – PI: Carol Jacklin-Jarvis
Project lead
Carol Jacklin-Jarvis
Project lead email
c.e.j.jarvis@open.ac.uk
Project lead institution
The Open University
Other project members
Daniel Haslam – daniel.haslam@open.ac.uk – The Open University
Primary research question
How do local infrastructure organisations (LIOs) act as local leadership actors in collaborative responses to the Covid-19 pandemic.
Methods and type of data
Case study design – 3-5 different cases
Three primary data collection methods:
1) data from websites, social media, and other publicly available documents in digital form
2) internal LIO communications
3) Interviews with key stakeholders
Three key words
Infrastructure, Leadership, Collaboration
Project status
Planning / bidding
Evaluation of Leeds Neighbourhood Networks’ Response to COVID 19 – PI: Chris Dayson
Project lead
Chris Dayson
Project lead email
c.dayson@shu.ac.uk
Project lead institution
Sheffield Hallam University
Other project members
University of Birmingham, We Research It
Funder, if any
Centre for Ageing Better
Primary research question
To understand the role neighbourhood-level organisations have played supporting older people during the COVID 19 pandemic
Methods and type of data
‘Real Time Evaluation’ methodology, including:
– Interviews will 20 NNs to understand their role in the pandemic response
– Interviews with 5 stakeholders to capture broader insights on the LNN pandemic response
– A monthly ‘Right Now Survey’ to capture a light touch data on a rolling basis
– A ‘real time panel’ of 8 NNs to capture more detailed data on rolling basis
Three key words
Neighbourhoods; Health Ageing
Project status
Data collection / literature reviewing
Innovation and Enterprise Across the Social Economy in Recovery from Covid-19 – PI: James Rees
Project lead
James Rees
Project lead email
Project lead institution
Institute for Community Research and Development
Other project members
Laura Caulfield; Sophie Wilson, BVSC; Sinead Ouillon and Paul Weller, CTPSR Coventry University
Funder, if any
West Midlands Combined Authority, Public Service Reform Directorate
Primary research question
How has civil society and the social economy responded to the crisis and what needs to be taken forward or further developed as we move into a ‘new normal’ way of working?
Methods and type of data
Primarily qualitative methods including:
– Desk-based review of published and unpublished documents
– Email call for evidence in early August, results collated by team
– Twenty rapid follow-up telephone interviews with regional experts/stakeholders
– 6-8 in depth case studies, based on semi-structured interviews, focusing on examples of ‘innovation, flexibility and enterprise’
– Two online focus groups to refine and co-create the emerging findings
Three key words
social economy, innovation, community
Project status
Data collection / literature reviewing
